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diseases of the

  • 1 νόσος

    νόσος, ου, ἡ (Hom.+)
    ① physical malady, disease, illness (freq. viewed in Mediterranean society as socially devaluing) lit. Ac 19:12; πεσούσης … εἰς ν. when (Artemilla) … became ill AcPl Ha 4, 15 (cp. ApcMos 5 περιπεσὼν εἰς ν.). W. μαλακία: θεραπεύειν πᾶσαν ν. Mt 4:23; 9:35; 10:1 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 383 πάσῃ ν.). νόσους θεραπεύειν Lk 9:1 (Just., A I, 48, 1 πάσας ν.). W. βάσανοι Mt 4:24. ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις ν. he healed many who were sick w. various diseases Mk 1:34 (Tat. 20, 2 ποικίλαι ν.). ἀσθενοῦντες νόσοις ποικίλαις Lk 4:40. ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς ἀπὸ νόσων he healed many people of their illnesses 7:21. Pass. ἰαθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν ν. 6:18. In imagery βαστάζειν τὰς ν. τινός bear someone’s diseases (after Is 53:4 where, however, LXX does not have νόσος) Mt 8:17; IPol 1:3.
    ② moral malady, disease fig. ext. of 1: vice (Bias in Diog. L. 1, 86 νόσος ψυχῆς of a character defect; Just., D. 30, 1 τὸν λαὸν … ἐν νόσῳ ψυχικῇ ὑπάρχοντα; Herm. Wr. 12, 3 ἀθεότης; oft. Philo) ὁ μοιχὸς … τῇ ἰδίᾳ ν. τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιεῖ the adulterer gives satisfaction to his own diseased inclination Hs 6, 5, 5.—MGrmek, Diseases in the Ancient Greek World, tr. M and LMueller, ’89 [orig. French ’83].—DELG. M-M. TW.

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  • 2 λέπρα

    λέπρα, ας, ἡ (s. λεπρός; Hdt. et al.; Galen: CMG V 4, 2 p. 333, 5; 429, 11; PSI X, 1180, 36 [II A.D.]; LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 265, C. Ap. 1, 235; Theoph. Ant. 3, 21 [p. 244, 19]) a serious skin disease, poss. including leprosy. Gk. medical writers include a variety of skin disorders under the term λ. There is abundant evidence that not all the צָרַעַת (cp. Lev 13f) and λέπρα of the Bible is true ‘leprosy’ caused by Hansen’s bacillus as known in modern times; indeed, there are many (see Gramberg and Cochrane below) who hold that Hansen’s disease was unknown in biblical times, or known by a different name than leprosy. λέπρα in LXX and NT may at times refer to what is generally termed leprosy, but probability extends to such skin diseases as psoriasis, lupus, ringworm, and favus, and in the absence of more precise data it is best to use the more general term serious skin disease Mt 8:3; Mk 1:42; Lk 5:12f; PEg2 39 [ἀ]π̣έστη ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπ̣[ρα]=ASyn. 42, 32.—GMünch, Die Zaraath (Lepra) der hebr. Bibel 1893; EMcEwen, Biblical World 38, 1911, 194–202; 255–61; LHuizinga, Leprosy: BiblSacra 83, 1926, 29–46; 202–12; Billerb. IV 1928, 745–63; Handb. d. Haut-u. Geschlechtskrankheiten, ed. JJadassohn, vol. X: Die Lepra 1930; FLendrum, The Name ‘Leprosy’: Amer. Journ. of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1, ’52, 999–1008. Series of articles in BT: KGramberg, 11, ’60, 10–20; JSwellengrebel, 11, ’60, 69–80, with note by ENida; RCochrane, Biblical Leprosy, 12 ’61, 202f, w. mention of a separate publ. of the same title, ’61; DWallington, 12, ’61, 75–79; SBrowne, Leprosy in the Bible, in Medicine and the Bible, ed. BPalmer, ’86, 101–25; MGrmek, Diseases in the Ancient Greek World ’89, 160–61.—ABD IV 277–82 (lit.). TW.

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  • 3 πάθος

    πάθος, ους, τό (πάσχω; Trag., Hdt.+)
    ① that which is endured or experienced, suffering (Trag., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 1, 97, 4 τὰ πάθη τῶν θεῶν [various painful experiences of the gods: the battle against the Titans, etc.]; Jos., Ant. 15, 57; 16, 315; Just., A I, 22, 4; Ath. 30, 4), so in our lit. only in B 6:7 and in Ign. (but freq. in his wr.), and always in the sing., w. ref. to the physical sufferings of Christ (so also B 6:7; cp. Just., D. 97, 3 εἰς τὸ πάθος καὶ τὸν σταυρόν; Iren. 3, 18, 3 [Harv. II 97, 3]; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 54, 2). IEph 20:1; IMg 5:2; ITr ins; 11:2; IPhld 9:2. τὸ θεομακάριστον π. ISm 1:2. τὸ π. τοῦ θεοῦ μου IRo 6:3. By his own baptism and by his suffering Christ consecrated the baptismal water for the Christians IEph 18:2. ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι ἐν τῷ π. τοῦ κυρίου rejoice in the Passion of the Lord IPhld ins. μετανοεῖν εἰς τὸ π. change the mind about the suffering ISm 5:3. Of the church ἐκλελεγμένη ἐν πάθει ἀληθινῷ chosen by the real Passion IEph ins. Used beside ἀνάστασις, so that it is equivalent to θάνατος (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 28 §129 the death of Nonius; 1, 38 §169 of Drusus; 5, 59 §250. S. πάσχω 3aα) IMg 11: ISm 7:2; 12:2. τῷ π. συγκατατίθεσθαι agree with, have a share in the Passion (of Christ) IPhld 3:3.
    ② experience of strong desire, passion (Pla. et al.; oft. 4 Macc; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 214; Ar. 8, 2; Just., A I, 53, 12; Tat. 19, 3; Ath.; οὐ π. τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν ἡ ὀργή Orig., C. Cels. 4, 72, 1), esp. of a sexual nature (Pla.; PMich 149 VI, 30 [II A.D.] π. αἰσχρόν; Ps.-Phoc. 194; Jos., Ant. 2, 53; Did., Gen. 138, 1) ἐν πάθει ἐπιθυμίας in lustful passion 1 Th 4:5 (Ath. 21, 1 πάθη ὀργῆς καὶ ἐπιθυμίας). Abs. (w. other vices, some of which are also sexual in character) Col 3:5. Of an adulterous woman: ἐπιμένειν τῷ π. τούτῳ persist in this passion Hm 4, 1, 6. Pl. πάθη ἀτιμίας disgraceful passions Ro 1:26.—Also of the passion of anger Hs 6, 5, 5 v.l. (Cp. τὸ τῆς φιλαργυρίας π. Did., Gen. 126, 15.)—RRabel, Diseases of the Soul in Stoic Psychology: Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 22, ’81, 385–93. S. on πάσχω, end.—B. 1089f. DELG s.v. πάσχω. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 4 κοῖλος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `hollow, hollowed out, spacious, deep' (Il.).
    Other forms: κόϊλος, s. below
    Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. κοιλο-γάστωρ `with a hollow belly, greedy' (A.; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 150).
    Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. κοιλία f. `abdomen, belly, hollow of the body in gen.' (IA.) with κοιλιώδης `belly-like' (Arist.), κοιλιακός `blonging to the belly, suffer from diseases of the belly' (Plu., medic.), κοιλιτική ( νόσος) `disease of the belly' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); diminut. κοιλίδιον (Str.). 2. κοιλάς f. `hollow, ravine' (hell.), adj. f. `hollow' (Tryph. Ep.). 3. κοιλότης `hollow' (Arist.). 4. κοιλίσκος m. `hollow, scoop-shaped knife' (medic.; cf. γραφίσκος and other names of instruments in Chantraine Formation 408). 5. and 6. κοίλωμα (Arist., hell.), κοίλωσις (Hp.) `hollowing, deepening', cf. κοιλόομαι below. - B. Adjectives (to τὸ κοῖλον `hollow, cavity'): 1. κοιλώδης `rich in cavities' (Babr.). 2. κοιλαῖος = κοῖλος (Gal.). - C. Verbs: 1. κοιλαίνω, κοιλᾶναι (- ῆναι), κεκοίλασμαι `hollow out' (IA.) with κοίλανσις (Alex. Aphr.), κοίλασμα (LXX, Hero), κοιλασία (Hero), 2. κοιλόομαι, only in κεκοιλωμένος `hollowed' (D. S., Dsc.); κοίλωμα, κοίλωσις, if not directly from κοῖλος, s. above.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [592] *ḱeu(H)-? `hollow, deep' ??
    Etymology: From the sometimes threesyllabic κόϊλος (in Hom. always possible except χ 385, at verse-beginning; Meister HK 50, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 28) follows a basis *κόϜιλος, which can be connected as λ-deriv. with κόοι τὰ χάσματα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ κοιλώματα H. and Lat. cavus `hollow' from *kou̯os; beside it MIr. cūa `hollow' \< *ḱou̯-ios. If the connection κοῖλος = Alb. thelë `deep' (\< IE *ḱou̯ilos) is correct (Pedersen KZ 36, 332), the formation is older than Greek. Cognate l-derivv. are Arm. soyl `cavity' (\< IE. *ḱeu-lo-) and κύλα; s. v. More on the formation Benveniste Origines 41f., where a noun in -il is supposed as basis, and Specht Ursprung 130, who starts from an i-stem, referring to the hapax κοιφόν κοῖλον (prob. for κυφόν). - S. also κῶος, κώθων, κύαρ; further W.-Hofmann s. cavus.
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  • 5 κοιλία

    κοιλί-α, [dialect] Ion. [suff] κοιλί-η, ἡ, ([etym.] κοῖλος)
    A cavity of the body, i.e. thorax with abdomen, Hp.Art.46 (including ἡ ἄνω κ., = thorax, ἡ κάτω, = abdomen, acc. to Gal.15.896); τὰ κατὰ κ. νουσήματα diseases of the thoracic cavity, Hp.Aff.6.
    2 belly, abdomen, Hdt.2.87, IG42(1).122.32 (Epid.), etc.: specified as

    ἡ κάτω κ. Ar.Ra. 485

    , Hp.Ulc.3, Pl.Ti. 73a, 85e, Arist.Somn.Vig. 456a3, PA 650a13, etc.; opp. ἡ ἄνω κ., stomach, Pl.Ti. 85e, Arist.PAl.c.; κ. alone freq. = stomach, Id.HA 489a2, etc.; of birds, Id.PA 674b22; also, paunch or rumen of animals, Id.HA 507b5: hence, of gluttons,

    δουλεύειν τῇ ἑαυτῶν κ. Ep.Rom.16.18

    , cf. Ep.Phil.3.19.
    3 intestines,

    κ. κείνη Hdt.2.40

    , cf. 86,92, etc.; of animals, κ. ὑεία pig's tripe, Ar.Eq. 356;

    κοιλίας ἥμισυ SIG1025.51

     (Cos, iv/iii B.C.): pl., tripe and puddings, Ar.Eq. 160, Pl. 1169.
    b phrases, κ. σκληρὰν ἔχειν to be costive, Theopomp.Com.62.2;

    κατὰ κοιλίαν νοσεῖν Com.Adesp.730

    ; τὴν κ. λύειν to relax the bowels, Arist. Pr. 863b29, 864b14; αἱ κ. λύονται, ἀναλύονται, ib. 947b13, GA 728a15; εὔλυτοί [εἰσι] Id.Pr. 876b31;

    ἐὰν ἡ κ. στῇ Id.HA 588a7

    ;

    κ. καταρραγεῖσα Hp.Coac. 126

    ; [οἶνος] κοιλίας μαλακτικός, κοιλίας ἐφεκτικά, Mnesith. ap.Ath.1.33b, 2.59c; κ. ἐκλύειν, ὑπάγειν, μαλάσσειν, Dsc.2.72, 163, 171;

    κ. ῥέουσαι D.S.5.41

    .
    4 excrement, esp.in pl., κ. συνεστηκυῖαι excrements of firm consistency, Hp.Aër.10; opp.

    κ. ἐφυγραινόμεναι Id.Epid.1.10

    ;

    κ. ὑγρή Id.Prorrh.1.38

    ; στερεή, σκληρή, Id.Acut.(Sp.) 56, Epid.4.23; οὔρησις καὶ κ. ἀχρόως ibid.
    II any cavity in the body, ventricle, chamber, as in the lungs, heart, liver, brain,

    κ. αἱ τὸ πνεῦμα δεχόμεναι καὶ προπέμπουσαι Id.Art.41

    ;

    ἡ δὲ καρδία ἔχει μὲν τρεῖς κ. Arist.HA 496a4

    , cf. 513a27.
    2 socket of a bone, Hp.Art.61.
    3 supposed cavities inside the muscles, Erasistr. ap. Gal.4.375, 707, Antyll. ap.Orib.8.6.30, 7.9.4; cf. νηδύς.
    4 womb, Hp.Mul.1.38, al., Ev.Jo.3.4.
    III any hollow or cavity, in the earth, Arist.Mete. 349b4, 350b23, al.; in the clouds, ib. 369b2, al.
    IV perh.finger- tip, Aret. SD1.8 (pl.).

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  • 6 φάρυγξ

    φάρυγξ [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ, less freq. ὁ (v. sub fin.), also [full] φάρυξ Ar.Ra. 259 (lyr.), 571; gen. φάρῠγος (always in Hom., Trag. and Com. (exc.
    A

    φάρυγγος E.Cyc. 356

     (lyr.)), as ib. 410, 592, Cratin.186, 257 (troch.), Telecl.1.12 (anap.), Ar.Fr. 614), later

    φάρυγγος Nic.Al. 363

    : ([etym.] φάρος):—throat,

    φάρυγος δ' ἐξέσσυτο οἶνος Od.9.373

    ;

    φάρυγος λάβε δεξιτερῆφιν 19.480

    ; ὁ φ. εὐτρεπὴς ἔστω, for dinner, E.Cyc. 215, cf. ll.cc.; ὦ μιαρὰ φ., of a glutton, Ar.Ra. 571;

    ηὔξατό τις ὀψοφάγος ὢν τὸν φ. αὑτῷ μακρότερον γεράνου γενέσθαι Arist.EN 1118a33

    : of singing,

    κεκραξόμεσθά γ' ὁπόσον ἡ φ. ἂν ἡμῶν χανδάνῃ Ar.Ra. 259

     (lyr.), cf. Hp.Carn. 16, 18, Acut.59, al.—Used of the windpipe by Arist.PA 664a16, 665a10, cf. de An. 421a4, Gal.6.176; opp. παρίσθμια and λάρυγξ, ib.674, cf. 15.789,792, Aret.CA1.9;

    τὴν φ. κέρχνειν Diocl.Fr.147

    ; of the oesophagus by EM557.17; of the pharynx by Hp.Prog.23 (cf. Gal.18(2).264), Poll.2.207; both of pharynx and windpipe by Gal.UP8.1.
    II dewlap of a bull. Hld.2.1.
    III pl., of diseases of the throat, Hp.Aph.3.5.—The gender is indeterm. in Hom.: fem., in [dialect] Att., Phryn.46, cf. Cratin.and Ar.ll.cc., Pherecr.69, Th.2.49, Call.(?) Fr. 331 (cf. Fr.51 P.); masc. in Epich.21, Telecl.1.12, E.Cyc. 215, etc.: both genders in Hp., Arist., etc., and later writers (ἡ Aristid. Or.48(24).57, Ael.NA1.30, Paus.8.37.8, ὁ Plu.2.698f, Luc.Asin.38).

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  • 7 κνίψ

    κνίψ, κνῑπός
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: name of unknown insects (acc. to Arist. Sens. 444b 12 small ants), that infest several trees and plants (Ar., Arist., Thphr., LXX).
    Other forms: κνῑπός, also σκνίψ, σκνῖπός, pl. also σκνῖφες
    Compounds: As 1. member in κνιπο-λόγος m. name of a woodpecker, σκνιπο-φάγος `eating σκνῖπες' (Arist.).
    Derivatives: κνίπειος `belonging to a κνίψ' (Zos. Alch.). In remote or doubtful connection to κνίψ, σκνίψ there are several expressive, but in the literature only rarely found words, that indicate esp. niggardliness or different eye-diseases: κνιπός (AP), σκνιπός (Anon. in EN, H.), σκνιφός (Phryn.) `niggard'; with κνιπεύω `be niggardly' and κνιπεία (Doroth. Astrol.); further in the meaning `feeble-midedness etc.': κνιπός (Semon.), σκνιφός H., ὑπό-σκνιπος, - σκνιφος, - σχνιφος `slightly short-sighted' (pap.), κνιπά πτίλη H.; with κνιπότης `eye-inflammation' (Hp. Loc. Hom. 13, Erot.), κνιπόομαι `be inflamed, of the eyes' (H. in κεκνιπωμένοι), also `be infested with mildew, fire, of fruits' (H. ib.). Beside the names for eye-diseases etc. there are expressions for `dark': σκνιφαῖος (v. l. - παῖος) adjunt of ὁδίτης `who walks in the darkness ' (Theoc. 16, 93; after κνεφαῖος?), σκνῖφος τὸ σκότος H. - Further there are two denomin.: κνιπεῖν σείειν, ξύειν μέλαθρα καὶ δοκούς H. (prop. of the κνῖπες?), σκνίπτειν νύσσειν H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: With κνίψ, σκνίψ rhyme θρίψ and ἴψ (s. vv.). Both ( σ)κνίψ and the words for `niggard' could go back to the idea of pinching and stinging (cf. σκνίπτω). Perh. the terms for weak-sight etc. might come from closing the eyes; or perh. from plant-diseases (caused by κνῖπες; s. κνιπόομαι). - One compares words for `pinching etc.' in Baltic and Germanic, e. g. Latv. kniêbt, knīpêt, MLDu. nipen; Pok. 562, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kneĩbti. Wether they are real cognates, remains uncertain with these popular words. Cf. on - κναίω, κνίζω, κνύω. - Though the σ- could be an IE s-movable, the hole rather suggests a Pre-Greek word: very small animals, the long ῑ, the variation π\/φ; cf. the words cited.
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  • 8 κνῑπός

    κνίψ, κνῑπός
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: name of unknown insects (acc. to Arist. Sens. 444b 12 small ants), that infest several trees and plants (Ar., Arist., Thphr., LXX).
    Other forms: κνῑπός, also σκνίψ, σκνῖπός, pl. also σκνῖφες
    Compounds: As 1. member in κνιπο-λόγος m. name of a woodpecker, σκνιπο-φάγος `eating σκνῖπες' (Arist.).
    Derivatives: κνίπειος `belonging to a κνίψ' (Zos. Alch.). In remote or doubtful connection to κνίψ, σκνίψ there are several expressive, but in the literature only rarely found words, that indicate esp. niggardliness or different eye-diseases: κνιπός (AP), σκνιπός (Anon. in EN, H.), σκνιφός (Phryn.) `niggard'; with κνιπεύω `be niggardly' and κνιπεία (Doroth. Astrol.); further in the meaning `feeble-midedness etc.': κνιπός (Semon.), σκνιφός H., ὑπό-σκνιπος, - σκνιφος, - σχνιφος `slightly short-sighted' (pap.), κνιπά πτίλη H.; with κνιπότης `eye-inflammation' (Hp. Loc. Hom. 13, Erot.), κνιπόομαι `be inflamed, of the eyes' (H. in κεκνιπωμένοι), also `be infested with mildew, fire, of fruits' (H. ib.). Beside the names for eye-diseases etc. there are expressions for `dark': σκνιφαῖος (v. l. - παῖος) adjunt of ὁδίτης `who walks in the darkness ' (Theoc. 16, 93; after κνεφαῖος?), σκνῖφος τὸ σκότος H. - Further there are two denomin.: κνιπεῖν σείειν, ξύειν μέλαθρα καὶ δοκούς H. (prop. of the κνῖπες?), σκνίπτειν νύσσειν H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: With κνίψ, σκνίψ rhyme θρίψ and ἴψ (s. vv.). Both ( σ)κνίψ and the words for `niggard' could go back to the idea of pinching and stinging (cf. σκνίπτω). Perh. the terms for weak-sight etc. might come from closing the eyes; or perh. from plant-diseases (caused by κνῖπες; s. κνιπόομαι). - One compares words for `pinching etc.' in Baltic and Germanic, e. g. Latv. kniêbt, knīpêt, MLDu. nipen; Pok. 562, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kneĩbti. Wether they are real cognates, remains uncertain with these popular words. Cf. on - κναίω, κνίζω, κνύω. - Though the σ- could be an IE s-movable, the hole rather suggests a Pre-Greek word: very small animals, the long ῑ, the variation π\/φ; cf. the words cited.
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  • 9 στηρίζω

    στηρίζω, E.Hipp. 1207, etc.: [tense] fut.
    A

    - ίξω Hp.Morb.4.52

     (v.l.), 1 Ep.Pet.5.10,

    - ίσω LXX Si.38.34

    , Je.17.5, - ιῶ ib.Si.6.37, Je.24.6: [tense] aor.

    ἐστήριξα Il.4.443

    , [dialect] Ep.

    στήριξα Hes.Th. 498

    ; inf.

    στηρίξαι Od.12.434

    , Gal.19.192, PSI5.452.3 (iv A.D.); part.

    στηρίξας Sor.2.57

    ; opt.

    στηρίξειεν Th.2.49

    ;

    ἐστήρισα LXX Ge.27.37

    , App.BC1.98; imper.

    στηρισάτω AP14.72

    :—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

    ἐστηριξάμην Il.21.242

    , Hp.Fract. 11, etc. (v. infr.); later

    - ισάμην LXX Is.59.16

    , Plu.Eum.11: [tense] fut.

    στηρίξομαι Philostr.VA5.35

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    στηριχθήσομαι Gal.UP9.16

    : [tense] aor.

    ἐστηρίχθην Tyrt.11.22

    , Hp.VC3, Gal.15.126: [tense] pf.

    ἐστήριγμαι Hes.Th. 779

    , Hp.Morb.3.3, etc.; inf.

    ἐστηρίσθαι LXX 1 Ki. 26.19

    : [tense] plpf.

    ἐστήρικτο Il.16.111

    , Hes.Sc. 218, etc. (Cf. στῆριγξ, σκηρίπτομαι):—make fast, prop, fix, [ἴριδας] ἐν νέφεϊ στήριξε sets rainbows in the cloud, Il.11.28; οὐρανῷ ἐστήριξε κάρη, of Eris, 4.443; στηρίζειν αὐτὸ αὑτό φησι τὸ ἄπειρον (sc. Anaxagoras) Arist.Ph. 205b2, cf. Sor.2.61;

    σ. σήματ' ἐν οὐρανῷ Arat.10

    ; so prob., [λίθον] Ζεὺς στήριξε κατὰ χθονός he set the stone fast in the ground, Hes. Th. 498;

    βάσιν ἐστήριξαν Nic.Fr.74.49

    ;

    λίθον διορίζοντα ὅρους.. στηριχθῆναι ἐκέλευσαν OGI769

     (Palestine, iii/iv A.D.).
    2 support,

    σίτῳ τινά LXX Ge.27.37

    ; feed up a patient, Gal.19.192;

    σ. τὴν δύναμιν εὐστομάχοις τροφαῖς Id.18(2).34

    , cf. Aret.CA1.1: metaph., confirm, establish,

    τὴν ἀρχήν App.BC1.98

    ;

    τοὺς ἀδελφούς Ev.Luc.22.32

    , cf. 2 Ep.Thess.2.17, 1 Ep.Pet.5.10; corroborate, Sor.2.57.
    3 [voice] Med., ground, establish for oneself,

    κόσμον ἑαῖς στηρίξατο βουλαῖς Orph. Fr. 299

    ;

    πόδα ἐπὶ γαίης AP14.72

    ; πόντος στηρίξατο κῦμα νήνεμον settled its wave into a calm, ib.9.271 (Apollonid.).
    B [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., to be firmly set or fixed, stand fast, οὐδὲ πόδεσσιν εἶχε στηρίξασθαι he could not get a firm footing, Il.21.242, cf. Plu.Eum.11;

    οὐδαμῇ ἐστήρικτο Hes.Sc. 218

    ; [δώματα] κίοσιν ἀργυρέοισι πρὸς οὐρανὸν ἐστήρικται the house is lifted up to heaven on pillars, Id.Th. 779;

    ὀρθὴ δ' ἐς ὀρθὸν αἰθέρ' ἐστηρίζετο E.Ba. 1073

    ;

    στηριχθεὶς ἐπὶ γῆς Tyrt.11.22

    ;

    πρὸς τῇ γῇ Arist.Mete. 376b23

     (s.v.l.); ὅσοι ἐστηρίξαντο τῇ πτέρνῃ ἰσχυρῶς πηδήσαντες light heavily on it, Hp. Fract.11, cf. Art.86; ὕβον, ἐφ' οὗ ἐστήρικται τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα is steadied, Arist.HA 499a17; ἐστηριγμένα [ἔχειν] τὰ σπλάγχνα supported, opp. κρεμάμενα, Gal.15.570; ἄμπελος κάμακι ς. AP7.731 (Leon.);

    Ἀσκληπιὸν -ιζόμενον βάκτρῳ IG42(1).88.9

     (Epid., ii A.D.); of the fixed stars, Arat.230, 274, etc.; opp. ἀκοντίζεσθαι, Arist.Mu. 395b4;

    λίθος ἐστήρικται Call.Ap.23

    ; χάσμα μέγα ἐστ. Ev.Luc.16.26; of places, merely to be situated, D.P.204.
    2 metaph., κακὸν κακῷ ἐστήρικτο evil was set upon evil, Il.16.111; τί τοι χόλος ἐστήρικται; A.R.4.816; δέκατος μεὶς οὐρανῷ ἐστήρικτο the tenth month was set in heaven, h.Merc.11; of a person, ὅπου.. στηρίζει ποτέ wheresoever thou art tarrying, art settled, S.Aj. 194 (lyr.); ὅροι ἐστηριγμένοι fixed principles, Hero *Geom.3.25; ἀνάγκη στηριχθῆναι τὸ ν ¯ must be firmly pronounced, D.H.Comp.22.
    3 of diseases,= infr. 11.2,

    μέχρις ἂν [οἱ νοσοποιοὶ χυμοὶ] ἔν τινι τῶν ἀσθενεστέρων στηριχθῶσιν Gal.15.126

    , cf. 789,855, Aret.SA1.5.
    II [voice] Act. intr. in same sense,

    οὐδέ πῃ εἶχον.. στηρίξαι ποσὶν ἔμπεδον.. Od.12.434

    ; κῦμ' οὐρανῷ στηρίζον a wave rising up to heaven, E.Hipp. 1207: metaph.,

    οὐρανῷ στηρίζον.. κλέος Id.Ba. 972

    ; πρὸς οὐρανὸν καὶ γαῖαν ἐστήριξε φῶς ib. 1083, cf. Plu.Sull.6.
    2 of diseases, fix, settle, determine to a particular part, ὁπότε εἰς τὴν καρδίαν στηρίξειεν (sc. ἡ νόσος) Th.2.49;

    ἐνταῦθα σ. ἡ νοῦσος Hp.Aph.4.33

    ;

    εἰ.. ἐς τὸ ὀστέον στηρίξειε τὸ βέλος Id.VC12

    ; cf.

    στήριξις 2

    .
    3 of planetary phases, pause, stand still, Gem.12.23, Plu.2.76d, Theo Sm.p.147 H., Ptol. Tetr.75, Vett.Val.183.1, Paul.Al.G.2.
    4 metaph., ἐπὶ δόγματος ς. hold fast to an opinion, D.L.2.136.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στηρίζω

  • 10 ἐπίδημος

    A = ἐπιδήμιος, Antiph.11; οὐ τυγχάνει ἐ. ὤν not at home, Ar.Fr. 390; ἐπίδᾱμος φάτις Οἰδιπόδα the popular current report concerning, S.OT 495 (lyr.).
    2. sojourning in a place, Call.Dian. 226; Δήλῳ δ' ἦν ἐπίδημος, of Artemis, Id.Aet.3.1.26; οἱ

    ἐπίδᾱμοι GDI5040

     ([place name] Hierapytna), cf. Milet.3.149 (ii B.C.).
    3. of diseases, prevalent, epidemic, Hp.Epid.1.14.
    b. ἐ. βιβλία writings on epidemic diseases, Pall.in Hp.Fract.12.271C.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπίδημος

  • 11 αἰών

    αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ (Hom.+; gener. ‘an extended period of time’, in var. senses)
    ① a long period of time, without ref. to beginning or end,
    ⓐ of time gone by, the past, earliest times, readily suggesting a venerable or awesome eld οἱ ἅγιοι ἀπʼ αἰῶνος προφῆται the holy prophets fr. time immemorial (cp. Hes., Theog. 609; Περὶ ὕψους 34, 4 τοὺς ἀπʼ αἰ. ῥήτορας; Cass. Dio 63, 20 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰ. Ῥωμαίων; IMagnMai 180, 4; SIG index; Gen 6:4; Tob 4:12; Sir 14:17; 51:8; En 14:1; 99:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 12; Just., D. 11, 1) Lk 1:70; Ac 3:21; make known from of old Ac 15:18; πρὸ παντὸς τ. αἰ. before time began Jd 25a (for the combination with πᾶς cp. Sallust. 20 p. 36, 5 τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα=through all eternity); pl. πρὸ τῶν αἰ. 1 Cor 2:7 (cp. Ps 54:20 θεὸς ὁ ὑπάρχων πρὸ τῶν αἰ. [PGM 4, 3067 ἀπὸ τ. ἱερῶν αἰώνων]); ἐξ αἰ. since the beginning D 16:4 (Diod S 1, 6, 3; 3, 20, 2; 4, 83, 3; 5, 2, 3; Sext. Emp., Math. 9, 62; OGI 669, 61; Philo, Somn. 1, 19; Jos., Bell. 5, 442; Sir 1:4; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος). W. neg. foll. ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἠκούσθη never has it been heard J 9:32.
    ⓑ of time to come which, if it has no end, is also known as eternity (so commonly in Gk. lit. Pla. et al.); εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (since Isocr. 10, 62, also Diod S 1, 56, 1 εἰς τ. αἰ.=εἰς ἅπαντα τ. χρόνον; 4, 1, 4; SIG 814, 49 and OGI index VIII; POxy 41, 30=‘Long live the Caesars’; PGM 8, 33; 4, 1051 [εἰς αἰ.]; LXX; En 12:6; 102:3; PsSol 2:34, 37; ParJer 8:5; JosAs 15:3 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον 4:10 al. Jos., Ant. 7, 356 [εἰς αἰ.]) to eternity, eternally, in perpetuity: live J 6:51, 58; B 6:3; remain J 8:35ab; 12:34; 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps. 111:9); 1 Pt 1:23 v.l., 25 (Is 40:8); 1J 2:17; 2J 2; be with someone J 14:16. Be priest Hb 5:6; 6:20; 7:17, 21, 24, 28 (each Ps 109:4). Darkness reserved Jd 13. W. neg.=never, not at all, never again (Ps 124:1; Ezk 27:36 al.) Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; 1 Cor 8:13. ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX) 1 Cl 10:4 (Gen 13:15); Hv 2, 3, 3; Hs 9, 24, 4. In Johannine usage the term is used formulaically without emphasis on eternity (Lackeit [s. 4 below] 32f): never again thirst J 4:14; never see death 8:51f; cp. 11:26; never be lost 10:28; never (= by no means) 13:8. εἰς τὸν αἰ. τοῦ αἰῶνος (Ps 44:18; 82:18 al.) Hb 1:8 (Ps 44:7). ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX; PsSol 18:11) Lk 1:55 v.l. (for εἰς τὸν αἰ.); εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος 2 Pt 3:18.—The pl. is also used (Emped., Fgm. 129, 6 αἰῶνες=generations; Theocr. 16, 43 μακροὺς αἰῶνας=long periods of time; Philod. περὶ θεῶν 3 Fgm. 84; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 62 εἰς αἰῶνας διαμένει; SibOr 3, 767; LXX, En; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72].—B-D-F §141, 1), esp. in doxologies: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (Ps 60:5; 76:8) Mt 6:13 v.l.; Lk 1:33 (cp. Wsd 3:8); Hb 13:8. εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰ. (Tob 13:4; Da 3:52b; En 9:4; SibOr 3, 50) Jd 25b. εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας to all eternity (cp. Ps 88:53) Ro 1:25; 9:5; 2 Cor 11:31. αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰ. Ro 11:36; ᾧ κτλ. 16:27 (v.l. αὐτῷ). τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰ. 1 Pt 5:11; more fully εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰώνων (Ps 83:5; GrBar 17:4; PGM 4, 1038; 22b, 15) for evermore in doxologies Ro 16:27 v.l.; Gal 1:5; Phil 4:20; 1 Ti 1:17; 2 Ti 4:18; Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 5:11 v.l.; Rv 1:6, 18; 5:13; 7:12; 11:15 al. 1 Cl 20:12; 32:4; 38:4; 43:6; εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος τῶν αἰ. Eph 3:21 (cp. Tob 1:4; 13:12; En 103:4; 104:5). Of God ὁ ζῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰ. (cp. Tob 13:2; Sir 18:1; Da 6:27 Theod.) Rv 4:9f; 10:6; 15:7; formulaically= eternal 14:11; 19:3; 20:10; 22:5.—κατὰ πρόθεσιν τῶν αἰώνων according to the eternal purpose Eph 3:11. All-inclusive ἀπὸ αἰώνων καὶ εἰς τ. αἰῶνας from (past) eternity to (future) eternity B 18:2 (cp. Ps 40:14 and Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 7, 401a, 16 ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀτέρμονος εἰς ἕτερον αἰῶνα; M. Ant. 9, 28, 1 ἐξ αἰῶνος εἰς αἰῶνα; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος).
    ② a segment of time as a particular unit of history, age
    ⓐ ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος (הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה) the present age (nearing its end) (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 15, in ref. to 1 Cor 3:18; s. Bousset, Rel. 243ff; Dalman, Worte 120ff; Schürer II 537f; NMessel, D. Einheitlichkeit d. jüd. Eschatol. 1915, 44–60) contrasted w. the age to come (Philo and Joseph. do not have the two aeons) Mt 12:32. A time of sin and misery Hv 1, 1, 8; Hs 3:1ff; ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 2; ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰ. (v.l. + τούτου) the cares of the present age Mt 13:22; pl. cp. Mk 4:19. πλοῦτος earthly riches Hv 3, 6, 5. ματαιώματα vain, futile things Hm 9:4; Hs 5, 3, 6. πραγματεῖαι m 10, 1, 4. ἐπιθυμία m 11:8; Hs 6, 2, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. πονηρία Hs 6, 1, 4. ἀπάται Hs 6, 3, 3 v.l. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰ. τούτου the children of this age, the people of the world (opp. children of light, enlightened ones) Lk 16:8; 20:34.—The earthly kingdoms βασιλεῖαι τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IRo 6:1. συσχηματίζεσθαι τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ be conformed to this world Ro 12:2. As well as everything non-Christian, it includes the striving after worldly wisdom: συζητητὴς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου searcher after the wisdom of this world 1 Cor 1:20. σοφία τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2:6. ἐν τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ 3:18 prob. belongs to what precedes=those who consider themselves wise in this age must become fools (in the estimation of this age). The ruler of this age is the devil: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2 Cor 4:4 (θεός 5). ἄρχων τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IEph 17:1; 19:1; IMg 1:3; ITr 4:2; IRo 7:1; IPhld 6:2; his subordinate spirits are the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 1 Cor 2:6, 8 (ἄρχων 1c).—Also ὁ νῦν αἰών (Did., Gen. 148, 21): πλούσιοι ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰ. 1 Ti 6:17; ἀγαπᾶν τὸν νῦν αἰ. 2 Ti 4:10; Pol 9:2. Cp. Tit 2:12. Or (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 42, 30) ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐνεστώς the present age Gal 1:4 (cp. SIG 797, 9 [37 A.D.] αἰῶνος νῦν ἐνεστῶτος). The end of this period (cp. SibOr 3, 756 μέχρι τέρματος αἰῶνος) συντέλεια (τοῦ) αἰ. Mt 13:39f, 49; 24:3; 28:20 (cp. TestJob 4:6; TestBenj 11:3; JRobinson, Texts and Studies V introd. 86). συντέλεια τῶν αἰ. Hb 9:26; on GMary 463, 1 s. καιρός end.
    ⓑ ὁ αἰὼν μέλλων (הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come, the Messianic period (on the expr. cp. Demosth. 18, 199; Hippocr., Ep. 10, 6 ὁ μ. αἰ.=the future, all future time; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 310 D.: ἡ τοῦ παρελθόντος χρόνου μνεία κ. ὁ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος λόγος; Jos., Ant. 18, 287; Ar. 15, 3; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 24, 20; Did., Gen. 164, 2) in 2 Cl 6:3, cp. Hs 4:2ff, opposed to the αἰὼν οὗτος both in time and quality, cp. Mt 12:32; Eph 1:21; δυνάμεις μέλλοντος αἰ. Hb 6:5. Also αἰ. ἐκεῖνος: τοῦ αἰ. ἐκείνου τυχεῖν take part in the age to come Lk 20:35. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; Hs 4:2, 8. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐπερχόμενος Hv 4, 3, 5: pl. ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις in the ages to come Eph 2:7. As a holy age ὁ ἅγιος αἰ. (opp. οὗτος ὁ κόσμος; cp. εἰς τὸν μείζονα αἰ. TestJob 47:3) B 10:11 and as a time of perfection αἰ. ἀλύπητος an age free from sorrow 2 Cl 19:4 (cp. αἰ. … τοῦ ἀπαραλλάκτου TestJob 33:5), while the present αἰών is an ‘aeon of pain’ (Slav. Enoch 65, 8).—The plurals 1 Cor 10:11 have been explained by some as referring to both ages, i.e. the end-point of the first and beginning of the second; this view urges that the earliest Christians believed that the two ages came together during their own lifetimes: we, upon whom the ends of the ages have come (JWeiss. A Greek would not refer to the beginning as τέλος. The Gordian knot has οὔτε τέλος οὔτε ἀρχή: Arrian, Anab. 2, 3, 7). But since τὰ τέλη can also mean ‘end’ in the singular (Ael. Aristid. 44, 17 K.=17 p. 406 D.: σώματος ἀρχαὶ κ. τέλη=‘beginning and end’; 39 p. 737 D.: τὰ τέλη … δράματος; Longus 1, 23, 1 ms. ἦρος τέλη; Vi. Thu. 2, 2 [=OxfT ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΟΥ ΒΙΟΣ 2] τέλη τοῦ πολέμου; Aëtius, Eye Diseases p. 120, 25 Hirschb. after Galen: τὰ τέλη τ. λόγου=the close of the section; Philo, Virt. 182) and, on the other hand, the pl. αἰῶνες is often purely formal (s. above 1a and b, 2a at end) τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰ. can perh. be regarded as equal to τέλος αἰώνων (SibOr 8, 311)=the end of the age(s). Cp. TestLevi 14:1 ἐπὶ τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων.—For the essential equivalence of sing. and pl. cp. Maximus Tyr. 14, 8b τὰ τῆς κολακείας τέλη beside τέλος τῆς σπουδῆς. Cp. also τέλος 5.
    ③ the world as a spatial concept, the world (αἰ. in sg. and pl. [B-D-F §141, 1]: Hippocr., Ep. 17, 34; Diod S 1, 1, 3 God rules ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα; Ael. Aristid. 20, 13 K.=21 p. 434 D.: ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος; Maximus Tyr. 11, 5e; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 4 [103 A.D.] P. p. 129]; Ps 65:7; Ex 15:18 [cp. Philo, Plant. 47; 51]; Wsd 13:9; 14:6; 18:4; αἰῶνες οἱ κρείττονε Tat. 20:2) ApcPt 4:14. Created by God through the Son Hb 1:2; through God’s word 11:3. Hence God is βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰ. 1 Ti 1:17; Rv 15:3 (v.l. for ἐθνῶν); 1 Cl 61:2 (cp. PGM 12, 247 αἰώνων βασιλεῦ; Tob 13:7, 11, cp. AcPh 2 and 11 [Aa II/2, 2, 20 and 6, 9]); πατὴρ τῶν αἰ. 35:3 (cp. Just., A I, 41, 2; AcPh 144 [Aa II/2, 84, 9]); θεὸς τῶν αἰ. 55:6 (cp. Sir 36:17; ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ.; En 1:4; PGM 4, 1163; TSchermann, Griech. Zauber-pap 1909, 23; AcJ 82 [Aa II/1, 191, 24f]). But many of these pass. may belong under 2.
    ④ the Aeon as a person, the Aeon (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 268 index under Aion, Taufe 391 index; Epict. 2, 5, 13 οὐ γάρ εἰμι αἰών, ἀλλʼ ἄνθρωπος=I am not a being that lasts forever, but a human being [and therefore I know that whatever is must pass away]; Mesomedes 1, 17=Coll. Alex. p. 197, 17; Simplicius in Epict. p. 81, 15 οἱ αἰῶνες beside the μήτηρ τῆς ζωῆς and the δημιουργός; En 9:4 κύριος τ. κυρίων καὶ θεὸς τ. θεῶν κ. βασιλεὺς τ. αἰώνων; PGM 4, 520; 1169; 2198; 2314; 3168; 5, 468; AcPh 132 [Aa II/2, 63, 5]; Kephal. I p. 24, 6; 45, 7) ὁ αἰ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου Eph 2:2. The secret hidden from the Aeons Col 1:26; Eph 3:9 (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 235f); IEph 19:2 (Rtzst. 86, 3); cp. 8:1 (Rtzst. 236, 2). Various other meanings have been suggested for these passages.—CLackeit, Aion I, diss. Königsbg. 1916; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 426–32; HJunker, Iran. Quellen d. hellenist. Aionvorstellung: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg I 1923, 125ff; ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 1924; MZepf, D. Gott Αιων in d. hellenist. Theologie: ARW 25, 1927, 225–44; ANock, HTR 27, 1934, 78–99=Essays I, ’72, 377–96; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; EOwen, αἰών and αἰώνιος: JTS 37, ’36, 265–83; 390–404; EJenni, Das Wort ˓ōlām im AT: ZAW 64, ’52, 197–248; 65, ’53, 1–35; KDeichgräber, RGG I3 193–95; HSasse, RAC I 193–204; MNilsson, Die Rel. in den gr. Zauberpapyri, K. humanist. Vetenskapssamfundets Lund II ’47/48, 81f; GJennings, A Survey of αιων and αιωνιος and their meaning in the NT, ’48; GStadtmüller, Aion: Saeculum 2, ’51, 315–20 (lit.); EDegani, ΑΙΩΝ da Omero ad Aristotele ’61 (s. Classen, Gnomon 34, ’62, 366–70; D.’s reply in RivFil 91, ’63, 104–10); MTreu, Griech. Ewigkeitswörter, Glotta 43, ’65, 1–24; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time2 ’69; OCullman, Christus u. die Zeit3 ’62.—B. 13. EDNT. DDD s.v. Aion. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > αἰών

  • 12 λαμβάνω

    λαμβάνω (Hom.+) impf. ἐλάμβανον; fut. λήμψομαι (PTurin II, 3, 48; POxy 1664, 12; on the μ s. Mayser 194f; Thackeray 108ff; B-D-F §101; W-S. §5, 30; Mlt-H. 106; 246f; Reinhold 46f; WSchulze, Orthographica 1894.—On the middle s. B-D-F §77); 2 aor. ἔλαβον, impv. λάβε (B-D-F §101 p. 53 s.v. λαμβάνειν; W-S. §6, 7d; Mlt-H. 209 n. 1), impv. 3 pl. λαβέτωσαν (LXX; GJs 4:2); pf. εἴληφα (DRinge, Glotta 62, ’84, 125–28), 2 sing. εἴληφας and εἴληφες Rv 11:17 v.l. (W-S. §13, 16 note; Mlt-H. 221), ptc. εἰληφώς. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. ληφθήσονται Jdth 6:9; aor. εἰλήφθην LXX; pf. 3 sing. εἴληπται; plpf. 3 sg. εἴληπτο (Just., D. 132, 3). For Attic inscriptional forms s. Threatte II 645. In the following divisions, nos. 1–9 focus on an active role, whereas 10 suggests passivity.
    ① to get hold of someth. by laying hands on or grasping someth., directly or indirectly, take, take hold of, grasp, take in hand ἄρτον (Diod S 14, 105, 3 ῥάβδον; TestSol 2:8 D τὴν σφραγῖδα; TestJob 23:10 ψαλίδα) Mt 26:26a; Mk 14:22a; Ac 27:35. τ. βιβλίον (Tob 7:14) Rv 5:8f. τ. κάλαμον Mt 27:30. λαμπάδας take (in hand) (Strattis Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 37 K. λαβόντες λαμπάδας) 25:1, 3. λαβέτωσαν ἀνὰ λαμπάδα GJs 7:2. μάχαιραν draw the sword (Gen 34:25; Jos., Vi. 173 [cp. JosAs 23:2 τὴν ῥομφαίαν]) Mt 26:52. Abs. λάβετε take (this) Mt 26:26b; Mk 14:22b.— Take hold of (me) GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2.—ἔλαβέ με ἡ μήτηρ μου τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐν μιᾷ τῶν τριχῶν μου my mother, the Holy Spirit, took me by one of my hairs GHb 20, 63. Ἐλισάβεδ … λαβουμένη (λαβοῦσα codd.) αὐτὸν ἀνέβη ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ E. took (John) and went up into the hill-country GJs 22:3. λαβών is somet. used somewhat pleonastically to enliven the narrative, as in Hom. (Od. 24, 398) and dramatists (Soph., Oed. R. 1391 et al.), but also in accord w. Hebr. usage (JViteau, Étude sur le Grec du NT 1893, 191; Dalman, Worte 16ff; Wlh., Einleitung2 1911, 14; B-D-F §419, 1 and 2; s. Rob. 1127; s., e.g., ApcBar 2:1 λαβών με ἤγαγε; Josh 2:4; Horapollo 2, 88 τούτους λαβὼν κατορύττει) Mt 13:31, 33; Mk 9:36; Lk 13:19, 21; J 12:3; Ac 9:25; 16:3; Hs 5, 2, 4. The ptc. can here be rendered by the prep. with (B-D-F §418, 5; Rob. 1127) λαβὼν τὴν σπεῖραν ἔρχεται he came with a detachment J 18:3 (cp. Soph., Trach. 259 στρατὸν λαβὼν ἔρχεται; ApcrEsd 6, 17 p. 31, 24 Tdf. λαβὼν … στρατιὰν ἀγγέλων). λαβὼν τὸ αἷμα … τὸν λαὸν ἐρράντισε with the blood he sprinkled the people Hb 9:19 (cp. ParJer 9:32 λαβόντες τὸν λίθον ἔθηκαν ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα αὐτοῦ ‘they crowned his tomb with a stone’; Mel., P. 14, 88 λαβόντες δὲ τὸ … αἶμα). Different is the periphrastic aor. ptc. use of λ. w. ἔχει: Dg 10:6 ἃ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβὼν ἔχει what the pers. has received fr. God (cp. Eur., Bacchae 302 μεταλαβὼν ἔχει; Goodwin §47; Gildersleeve, Syntax §295; Schwyzer I, 812). Freq. parataxis takes the place of the ptc. constr. (B-D-F §419, 5) ἔλαβε τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐμαστίγωσεν (instead of λαβὼν τ. Ἰ. ἐ.) he had Jesus scourged J 19:1. λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον … καὶ βαλεῖν throw the bread Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27. ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησαν τέσσερα μέρη they divided his garments into four parts J 19:23.—In transf. sense ἀφορμὴν λ. find opportunity Ro 7:8, 11 (s. ἀφορμή); ὑπόδειγμα λ. take as an example Js 5:10; so also λ. alone, λάβωμεν Ἐνώχ 1 Cl 9:3.—Of the cross as a symbol of the martyr’s death take upon oneself Mt 10:38 (cp. Pind., P. 2, 93 [171] λ. ζυγόν). We may class here ἔλαβεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ he put his clothes on J 13:12 (cp. Hdt. 2, 37; 4, 78; GrBar 9:7 τὸν ὄφιν ἔλαβεν ἔνδυμα). Prob. sim. μορφὴν δούλου λ. put on the form of a slave Phil 2:7.—Of food and drink take (cp. Bel 37 Theod.) Mk 15:23. ὅτε ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος J 19:30; λαβὼν τροφὴν ἐνίσχυσεν Ac 9:19; τροφὴν … λα[βεῖν] AcPl Ha 1, 19. (βρέφος) ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας (the infant) took the breast of his mother Mary GJs 19:2.—1 Ti 4:4 (s. 10b below) could also belong here.
    ② to take away, remove (τὴν ψυχήν ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 23 Tdf.) with or without the use of force τὰ ἀργύρια take away the silver coins (fr. the temple) Mt 27:6. τὰς ἀσθενείας diseases 8:17. τὸν στέφανον Rv 3:11. τὴν εἰρήνην ἐκ τῆς γῆς remove peace from the earth 6:4 (λ. τι ἐκ as UPZ 125, 13 ὸ̔ εἴληφεν ἐξ οἴκου; 2 Ch 16:2; TestSol 4:15 D; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 12 [Stone p. 70]; Mel., P. 55, 403).
    ③ to take into one’s possession, take, acquire τὶ someth. τὸν χιτῶνα Mt 5:40. οὐδὲ ἕν J 3:27. ἑαυτῷ βασιλείαν obtain kingly power for himself Lk 19:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 220). λ. γυναῖκα take a wife (Eur., Alc. 324; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 16; Gen 4:19; 6:2; Tob 1:9; TestSol 26:1; TestJob 45:3; ParJer 8:3; Jos., Ant. 1, 253; Just., D. 116, 3; 141, 4) Mk 12:19–21; 22 v.l.; Lk 20:28–31 (s. also the vv.ll. in 14:20 and 1 Cor 7:28). Of his life, that Jesus voluntarily gives up, in order to take possession of it again on his own authority J 10:18a. [ἀπολείπ]ετε τὸ σκότος, λάβεται τὸ φῶς [abandon] the darkness, seize the light AcPl Ha 8, 32. ἑαυτῷ τ. τιμὴν λ. take the honor upon oneself Hb 5:4.—Lay hands on, seize w. acc. of the pers. who is seized by force (Hom. et al.; LXX; mid. w. gen. Just., A II, 2, 10, D. 105, 3) Mt 21:35, 39; Mk 12:3, 8. Of an evil spirit that seizes the sick man Lk 9:39 (cp. PGM 7, 613 εἴλημπται ὑπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος; TestSol 17:2 εἰ λήμψομαί τινα, εὐθέως ἀναιρῶ αὐτὸν τῷ ξίφει; Jos., Ant. 4, 119 ὅταν ἡμᾶς τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λάβῃ πνεῦμα; Just., A I, 18, 4 ψυχαῖς ἀποθανόντων λαμβανόμενοι).—Esp. of feelings, emotions seize, come upon τινά someone (Hom. et al.; Ex 15:15; Wsd 11:12; Jos., Ant. 2, 139; 14, 57) ἔκστασις ἔλαβεν ἅπαντας amazement seized (them) all Lk 5:26. φόβος 7:16. Sim. πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος 1 Cor 10:13.—Of hunting and fishing: catch (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 9; Aelian, VH 4, 14) οὐδέν Lk 5:5=J 21:6 v.l. Fig. εἴ τις λαμβάνει (ὑμᾶς) if someone puts something over on you, takes advantage of you 2 Cor 11:20 (the exx. cited in Field, Notes, 184f refer to material plunder, whereas Paul appears to point to efforts of his opposition to control the Corinthians’ thinking for their own political purposes; also s. CLattey, JTS 44, ’43, 148); in related vein δόλῳ τινὰ λ. catch someone by a trick 12:16.
    ④ to take payment, receive, accept, of taxes, etc. collect the two-drachma tax Mt 17:24; tithes Hb 7:8f; portion of the fruit as rent Mt 21:34. τὶ ἀπό τινος someth. fr. someone (Plut., Mor. 209d, Aem. Paul. 5, 9) 17:25. παρὰ τῶν γεωργῶν λ. ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν collect a share of the fruit fr. the vinedressers Mk 12:2.—τὶ παρά τινος someth. fr. someone (Aristarch. Sam. p. 352, 4; Jos., Ant. 5, 275; Just., D. 22, 11; Tat. 19, 1) οὐ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου τὴν μαρτυρίαν λ. the testimony which I receive is not from a human being or I will not accept mere human testimony (PSI 395, 6 [241 B.C.] σύμβολον λαβὲ παρʼ αὐτῶν=have them give you a receipt) J 5:34; cp. vs. 44; 3:11, 32f.
    ⑤ to include in an experience, take up, receive τινὰ someone εἰς into (Wsd 8:18) lit. εἰς τὸ πλοῖον take someone (up) into the boat J 6:21. εἰς οἰκίαν receive someone into one’s house 2J 10. εἰς τὰ ἴδια into his own home J 19:27. Receive someone in the sense of recognizing the other’s authority J 1:12; 5:43ab; 13:20abcd.—οἱ ὑπηρέται ῥαπίσμασιν αὐτὸν ἔλαβον Mk 14:65 does not mean ‘the servants took him into custody with blows’ (BWeiss, al.), but is a colloquialism (s. B-D-F §198, 3, w. citation of AcJo 90 [Aa II 196, 1] τί εἰ ῥαπίσμασίν μοι ἔλαβες; ‘what if you had laid blows on me?’) the servants treated him to blows (Moffatt: ‘treated him to cuffs and slaps’), or even ‘got’ him w. blows, ‘worked him over’ (perh. a Latinism; Cicero, Tusc. 2, 14, 34 verberibus accipere. B-D-F §5, 3b; s. Rob. 530f); the v.l. ἔβαλον is the result of failure to recognize this rare usage. καλῶς ἔλαβόν σε; have (the young women) treated you well? Hs 9, 11, 8.
    ⑥ to make a choice, choose, select πᾶς ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος who is chosen fr. among human beings Hb 5:1 (cp. Num 8:6; Am 2:11; Just., D. 130, 3). The emphasis is not on gender but the human status of the chief priest in contrast to that of the unique Messiah vs. 5.
    ⑦ to accept as true, receive τὶ someth. fig. τὰ ῥήματά τινος receive someone’s words (and use them as a guide) J 12:48; 17:8; AcPl Ha 1, 6 (s. καρδία 1bβ). τὸν λόγον receive the teaching Mt 13:20; Mk 4:16 (for μετὰ χαρᾶς λ. cp. PIand 13, 18 ἵνα μετὰ χαρᾶς σε ἀπολάβωμεν).
    ⑧ to enter into a close relationship, receive, make one’s own, apprehend/comprehend mentally or spiritually (Soph., Pla. et al.) of the mystical apprehension of Christ (opp. κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ) ἔλαβον (i.e. Χριστόν) I have made (him) my own Phil 3:12.
    ⑨ Special uses: the OT is the source of λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον show partiality/favoritism (s. πρόσωπον 1bα end) Lk 20:21; Gal 2:6; B 19:4; D 4:3.—θάρσος λ. take courage s. θάρσος; πεῖράν τινος λ. try someth. (Pla., Prot. 342a; 348a, Gorg. 448a; X., Cyr. 6, 1, 28; Polyb. 1, 75, 7; 2, 32, 5; 5, 100, 10; Aelian, VH 12, 22; Dt 28:56; Jos., Ant. 8, 166; diff. Dio Chrys. 50, 6) Hb 11:29 (this expr. has a different mng. in vs. 36; s. 10b below).—συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν consult (with someone), lit. ‘take counsel’, is a Latinism (consilium capere; s. B-D-F §5, 3b; Rob. 109) Mt 27:7; 28:12; w. ὅπως foll. 22:15; foll. by κατά τινος against someone and ὅπως 12:14; foll. by κατά τινος and ὥστε 27:1. οὐ λήψῃ βουλὴν πονηρὰν κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου D 2:6.
    ⑩ to be a receiver, receive, get, obtain
    ⓐ abs. λαβών (of a hungry hog) when it has received someth. B 10:3. (Opp. αἰτεῖν, as Appian, Fgm. [I p. 532–36 Viereck-R.] 23 αἰτεῖτε καὶ λαμβάνετε; PGM 4, 2172) Mt 7:8; Lk 11:10; J 16:24. (Opp. διδόναι as Thu. 2, 97, 4 λαμβάνειν μᾶλλον ἢ διδόναι; Ael. Aristid. 34 p. 645 D.; Herm. Wr. 5, 10b; Philo, Deus Imm. 57; SibOr 3, 511) Mt 10:8; Ac 20:35; B 14:1; but in D 1:5 λ. rather has the ‘active’ sense accept a donation (as ἵνα λάβῃ ἐξουσίαν TestJob 8:2).
    ⓑ w. acc. of thing τὶ someth. (Da 2:6; OdeSol 11:4 σύνεσιν; TestJob 24:9 τρεῖς ἄρτους al.; ApcEsdr 5:13 p. 30, 11 Tdf. τὴν ψυχήν) τὸ ψωμίον receive the piece of bread J 13:30. ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν water of life without cost Rv 22:17. μισθόν (q.v. 1 and 2a) Mt 10:41ab; J 4:36; 1 Cor 3:8, 14; AcPlCor 2:36 (TestSol 1:2, 10). Money: ἀργύρια Mt 28:15; ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius each Mt 20:9f. ἐλεημοσύνην Ac 3:3. βραχύ τι a little or a bite J 6:7; eternal life Mk 10:30 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 218 βίον ἀμείνω λαβεῖν); the Spirit (schol. on Plato 856e ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα) J 7:39; Ac 2:38; cp. Gal 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; 2 Cor 11:4; forgiveness of sin Ac 10:43 (Just., D. 54, 1); grace Ro 1:5; cp. 5:17; the victor’s prize 1 Cor 9:24f; the crown of life Js 1:12 (cp. Wsd 5:16 λ. τὸ διάδημα). συμφύγιον/σύμφυτον καὶ ὅπλον εὐδοκίας λάβωμεν Ἰησοῦν χριστόν the sense of this clause, restored from AcPl Ha 8, 23–24 and AcPl Ox 1602, 33–35 (=BMM recto 29–31) emerges as follows: and let us take Jesus Christ as our refuge/ally and shield, the assurance of God’s goodwill toward us. The early and late rain Js 5:7. ἔλεος receive mercy Hb 4:16 (Just., D. 133, 1). λ. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ (θεοῦ) receive the name of the Son of God (in baptism) Hs 9, 12, 4. διάδοχον receive a successor Ac 24:27 (cp. Pliny the Younger, Ep. 9, 13 successorem accipio). τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ λαβέτω ἕτερος let another man receive his position 1:20 (Ps 108:8). τόπον ἀπολογίας λ. (τόπος 4) 25:16. λ. τι μετὰ εὐχαριστίας receive someth. w. thankfulness 1 Ti 4:4 (but s. 1 above, end.—On the construction with μετά cp. Libanius, Or. 63 p. 392, 3 F. μετὰ ψόγου λ.). τί ἔχεις ὅ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what have you that you did not receive? 1 Cor 4:7 (Alciphron 2, 6, 1 τί οὐ τῶν ἐμῶν λαβοῦσα ἔχεις;). Of punishments (cp. δίκην λ. Hdt. 1, 115; Eur., Bacch. 1312. ποινάς Eur., Tro. 360. πληγάς Philyllius Com. [V B.C.] 11 K.; GrBar 4:15 καταδίκην; Jos., Ant. 14, 336 τιμωρίαν) λ. περισσότερον κρίμα receive a punishment that is just so much more severe Mt 23:13 [14] v.l. (cp. κρίμα 4b); Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47; cp. Js 3:1. οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται those who oppose will bring punishment upon themselves Ro 13:2. πεῖράν τινος λ. become acquainted with, experience, suffer someth. (X., An. 5, 8, 15; Polyb. 6, 3, 1; 28, 9, 7; 29, 3, 10; Diod S 12, 24, 4 τὴν θυγατέρα ἀπέκτεινεν, ἵνα μὴ τῆς ὕβρεως λάβῃ πεῖραν; 15, 88, 4; Jos., Ant. 2, 60; Preisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Museums zu Kairo [1911] 2, 11; 3, 11 πεῖραν λ. δαίμονος) μαστίγων πεῖραν λ. Hb 11:36 (the phrase in a diff. mng. vs. 29; s. 9b above).
    ⓒ Also used as a periphrasis for the passive: οἰκοδομὴν λ. be edified 1 Cor 14:5. περιτομήν be circumcised J 7:23 (Just., D. 23, 5 al.). τὸ χάραγμα receive a mark = be marked Rv 14:9, 11; 19:20; 20:4. καταλλαγήν be reconciled Ro 5:11. ὑπόμνησίν τινος be reminded of = remember someth. 2 Ti 1:5 (Just., D 19, 6 μνήμην λαμβάνητε); λήθην τινὸς λ. forget someth. (Timocles Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 6, 5 K.; Aelian, VH 3, 18 end, HA 4, 35; Jos., Ant. 2, 163; 202; 4, 304; Just., D. 46, 5 ἵνα μὴ λήθη ὑμᾶς λαμβάνῃ τοῦ θεοῦ) 2 Pt 1:9; χαρὰν λ. experience joy, rejoice Hv 3, 13, 2 ; GJs 12:2; ἀρχὴν λ. be begun, have its beginning (Pla et al.; Polyb. 1, 12, 9; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Dio Chrys. 40, 7; Philo, Mos. 1, 81 τρίτον [σημεῖον] … τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ γίνεσθαι λαβὸν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ; Just., D. 46, 4 τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβούσης ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ τῆς περιτομῆς; Ath. 19, 2 ἑτέραν ἀρχὴν τοῦ κόσμου λαβόντος) Hb 2:3; ApcPt Rainer ln. 19.—λ. τι ἀπό τινος receive someth. from someone (Epict. 4, 11, 3 λ. τι ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν; Herm. Wr. 1, 30; ApcMos 19 ὅτε δὲ ἔλαβεν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ τὸν ὄρκον; Just., D. 78, 10 τῶν λαβόντων χάριν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ) 1J 2:27; 3:22. Also τὶ παρά τινος (Pisander Epicus [VI B.C.] Fgm. 5 [in Athen. 11, 469d]; Diod S 5, 3, 4 λαβεῖν τι παρὰ τῶν θεῶν; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 8 [Stone p. 12] λαβὼν τὴν εὐχὴν παρʼ αὐτῶν; Just., A I, 60, 3 ἐνέργειαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λεγομένην λαβεῖν τὸν Μωυσέα.—παρά A3aβ) J 10:18b; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 20:24; Js 1:7; 2J 4; Rv 2:28. λ. τὸ ἱκανὸν παρὰ τοῦ Ἰάσονος receive bail from Jason Ac 17:9 (s. ἱκανός 1). λ. τι ὑπό τινος be given someth. by someone 2 Cor 11:24. κλῆρον καὶ μερισμὸν λαμβάνοντες AcPl Ha 8, 18/Ox 1602, 22f [λαβόντες]=BMM recto 23f (s. κλῆρος 2). λ. τι ἔκ τινος receive someth. fr. a quantity of someth.: ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβομεν χάριν from his fullness we have received favor J 1:16. ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβετε Hs 9, 24, 4.—λ. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν (s. ἀνάστασις 2a) Hb 11:35. On ἐν γαστρὶ εἴληφα (LXX) GJs 4:2 and 4 s. γαστήρ 2 and συλλαμβάνω 3.—B. 743. Schmidt, Syn. III 203–33. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > λαμβάνω

  • 13 ἔχω

    ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.
    ① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)
    ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s control
    α. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.
    β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.
    ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its parts
    α. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.
    β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.
    ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.
    ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.
    ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.
    ② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have as
    ⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).
    ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.
    ③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), grip
    ⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.
    ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.
    ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.
    ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.
    ④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).
    ⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.
    ⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.
    ⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)
    ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)
    α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.
    β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).
    γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.
    δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).
    ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.
    ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.
    ⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.
    ⑨ special combinations
    ⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.
    ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).
    ⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).
    ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).
    ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.
    ⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.
    ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.
    ⓑ of proximity
    α. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.
    β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔχω

  • 14 κάστωρ

    κάστωρ, - ορος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: ` beaver' (Hdt., Hp., Arist.).
    Derivatives: καστόρ(ε)ιος ` belonging to the beaver' (Pi., X., Dsc.), καστόρ(ε)ιον n. `castor (= Bibergeil)' (pap., Plu.); καστορίδες f. pl. `Laconian race of dogs, initially elevated by Castor' (AP, Poll.), ` beaver' (Opp., Ael.); καστορίζω ` be like castor' (Dsc., Vett. Val.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Since Kretschmer, Wiener Eranos, 1909,121-3 one assumes that, because of the medicinal effect of the castor for women's diseases the name Κάστωρ, who was known as σωτήρ of women, was transferred to the beaver. S. Bq s. v. Schwyzer 635 gives parallel cases, but there are no real parallels (he gives only ἀλέκτωρ, which is prob. also incorrect). This idea has been uncritically taken over. In fact Kretschmer has no specific argument. Thus Gantz, Early Gr. Myth (1993), who discusses the Dioskouroi rather extensively (323-328) mentions nothing about a relation with the beaver. There is, then, nothing that makes it probable that the name of Castor was also used for the beaver. This kind of pseudo-certainties should be abandoned. Schrader-Nehring 138 point out that the animal no longer existed in Greece and that the word will be a foreign word. It is first mentiond in Hdt. 4, 109 in the North Pontic area. (A Pre-Greek word for ` beaver' may have been λάταξ. There seem to have been words in - τωρ in Pre-Greek: βιάτωρ, λείτωρ. The word was taken over in Latin and spread from there to the European languages. W.-Hofmann s. castrō and ēcastor, Wahrmann Glotta 17, 258. From καστόρ(ε)ιον Skt. kastūrī f. ` musk'.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάστωρ

  • 15 ἀπέρχομαι

    ἀπέρχομαι fut. ἀπελεύσομαι; aor. ἀπῆλθον; 3 pl. ἀπῆλθαν J 11:46 P66; GJs 9:1 [s. B-D-F §81, 3]; ἀπήλθασιν GJs 10:1; 24:1;-οσαν Jdth 13:4; cp.-ωσαν GJs 23:2; pf. ἀπελήλυθα Js 1:24, ptc. ἀπεληλυθώς Hs 9, 5, 4; plpf. ἀπεληλύθειν J 4:8; s. B-D-F §101 ἔρχεσθαι; sim. W-S. §15 (Hom.+).
    ① to move from a ref. point, of pers. or things
    ⓐ go away, depart, w. no indication of place (1 Macc 9:36; 2 Macc 14:34; 1 Esdr 4:11) Mt 8:21; 13:25; 16:4; Mk 5:20; Ac 10:7; 28:29 v.l.; Js 1:24.—Ptc. ἀπελθών w. ind., subj., or impv. of another verb= go away and (Epict. index Sch.; Gen 21:14, 16 al.) Mt 13:28, 46; 18:30; 25:18, 25; Mk 6:27, 37; Lk 5:14.—W. indication of place or person ἀπό τινος (Thu. 8, 92, 2; UPZ 61, 6f [161 B.C.] ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἀπελήλυθα; Epict. 3, 15, 11; 3 Km 21:36; Tob 14:8): ἀπὸ τ. ὁρίων αὐτῶν Mk 5:17. ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Lk 1:38. ἀπʼ αὐτῶν 2:15; 8:37.—ἔξω τοῦ συνεδρίου Ac 4:15 (cp. Jdth 6:12). In a ship J 6:22.
    ⓑ go (opp. ἐξέρχεται GrBar 9:2; πόθεν ἔρχει καὶ ποῦ ἀπέρχει TestAbr B 2, p. 106, 4ff [Stone p. 60] cod. C) w. indication of place εἰς (Simplicius in Epict. p. 134, 51 ἀ. εἰς τὸ ἱερόν): (on Mt 4:24 s. 3); εἰς ἔρημον τόπον Mk 1:35; cp. 6:36, 46; 7:24; Mt 8:33; 14:15; but ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον Lk 23:33 v.l. εἰς τὸν οἶκον Mt 9:7; Mk 7:30; Lk 1:23; Hs 9, 11, 2; εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν Mt 28:10; J 4:3, 43 v.l. εἰς Σπανίαν Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor 1:16 v.l. (for διελθεῖν). Gal 1:17. J 6:66 s. b end. ἐπί τι (Jos., Vi. 151): ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον Lk 24:24 (cp. 3 Km 19:19 v.l.; Epict. 4, 7, 30). ἐν: Hs 1:6 (cp. Diod S 23, 18, 5 ἀπῆλθεν ἐν Μεσσήνῃ; Pel.-Leg. p. 7, 3; Epict. 2, 20, 33 ἀπελθεῖν ἐν βαλανείῳ). W. the simple dat. (PFay 113, 12 [100 A.D.] τῇ πόλει πέμψας) ποίῳ τόπῳ ἀπῆλθεν Hv 4, 3, 7.—Of a possessive spirit/demon (Thrasyllus [I A.D.]: 622 Fgm. 1, 2, 3 Jac. [in Ps-Plut., Fluv. 16, 2]; PGM 13, 244) ἀ. εἰς τοὺς χοίρους Mt 8:32.—ἀ. πρός τινα (PFay 123, 19 [100 A.D.]; BGU 884 II, 13f; 1 Km 25:5; 1 Macc 7:20) come or go to someone Mt 14:25 v.l.; Mk 3:13; Rv 10:9. Perh. also πρὸς αὐτούς J 20:10 (v.l. ἑαυτούς s. ἑαυτοῦ), which may be a colloquial expression = rejoined their party or group, i.e. the disciples (so Twentieth Century NT). The rendering of NSRV et al., ‘returned to their homes’, seems improbable (cp. CBarrett, Comm. ad loc.) in view of the description of the huddled disciples vs. 19. What appears to be ‘loose’ writing (taking a reader’s knowledge of the story line for granted) is characteristic of numerous displays of colloquial syntax in John’s gospel.—The v.l. (πρὸς) ἑαυτούς 20:10 gives the mng. go home, as πρὸς ἑαυτὸν Lk 24:12 (v.l. αὐτόν). On these two pass. s. FNeirynck, ETL 54, ’78, 104–18; RBorger, GGA 130f; idem, TU 52, ’87, 34; for the rdg. αὑτούς N25 in J 20:10 cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 124; but s. also Metzger 254, 615f.—J 16:7 πρὸς τὸν πατέρα is to be supplied from the context (PPetr II, 13 [19], 7 [252 B.C.] εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθεῖν).—Also of a journey in a boat εἰς τὸ πέραν go over to the opposite side Mt 8:18; Mk 8:13. εἰς ἔρημον τόπον Mk 6:32. W. no place indicated (the context supplies the goal as POxf 16, 16: to a festival) Lk 17:23.—W. purpose inf. (s. ἔρχομαι 1aε) GJs 9:3.—Of stones, w. connotation of being appropriate go εἰς τ. οἰκοδομήν into the building Hs 9, 5, 3 and 4; 9, 14, 2.—Abs. ἀ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω draw back a short distance J 18:6. For 6:66 s. 5.
    ② to discontinue as a condition or state, of diseases, etc. (Cebes 14, 3 οὐ μὴ ἀπέλθῃ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ κακία; Ex 8:25) ἀπῆλθεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα the leprosy left him Mk 1:42; Lk 5:13; ἡ ὀπώρα ἀ. ἀπὸ σοῦ your fruit is gone Rv 18:14.—Gener. pass away (SSol 2:11) Rv 9:12; 11:14; 21:1, 4.
    ③ to go from a source and spread out, go out, of a message go out and spread εἰς ὅλην τ. Συρίαν Mt 4:24.
    ④ to endeavor to attain someth., go after, of the Sodomites ἀ. ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας go after flesh other than their own, i.e., as humans soliciting sexual relations with transcendent figures Jd 7.
    ⑤ to abandon an association w. someone, go off, go away, leave ἀπῆλθον εἰς ὀπίσω J 6:66.
    ⑥ idiom, ἀ. ὀπίσω τινός (Job 21:33) to leave a place to become an adherent of someone, go after, follow someone of the disciples Mk 1:20; of the world J 12:19.—DELG s.v. ἐλεύσομαι. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπέρχομαι

  • 16 ἀπολύω

    ἀπολύω impf. ἀπέλυον; fut. ἀπολύσω; 1 aor. ἀπέλυσα, inf. ἀπολῦσαι; pf. 1 pl. ἀπολελύκαμεν 3 Macc 7:7. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀπολυθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἀπελύθην; pf. ἀπολέλυμαι (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist, Joseph.).
    ① As legal term, to grant acquittal, set free, release, pardon τινά a prisoner (PGiss 65a, 4; 66, 11; POxy1271, 5; 2 Macc 4:47; 12:25; 4 Macc 8:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 4; Just., D. 4, 5 [ψυχὴ] ἀπολυθεῖσα τοῦ σώματος al.) ἀ. ἕνα τῷ ὄχλῳ δέσμιον release a prisoner for the crowd (JMerkel, D. Begnadigung am Passahfeste: ZNW 6, 1905, 293–316; RMerritt, JBL 104, ’85, 57–68; —ἀπολύω=pardon: Diod S 3, 71, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 4 §15; OGI 90, 14 [196 B.C.]; UPZ 111, 2 [163 B.C.]; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἀπολύηται ὡς Χριστιανός; Mel., P. 101, 775 τὸν κατάδικον) Mt 27:15–26; cp. Mk 15:6–15; Lk 23:16–25; J 18:39; 19:10, 12; Ac 3:13; 5:40; 16:35f; 26:32; 28:18; AcPl Ha 10, 4; on GJs 16:3 cp. 3 below, on Lk 22:68 see JDuplacy in: Neutest. Aufsätze, Festchr. JSchmid, ’63, 42–52 (for genuineness); release from threat of being sold Mt 18:27.—Abs. ἀπολύετε καὶ ἀπολυθήσεσθε pardon (your debtors) and you will be pardoned Lk 6:37.
    ② to release from a painful condition, free, pass. be freed (Tob 3:6; 2 Macc 12:45; Jos., Ant. 2, 65 τ. δεσμῶν) of diseases (Diog. L. 3, 6; Jos., Ant. 3, 264 τ. νόσου) ἀπολέλυσαι (v.l.+ ἀπὸ) τῆς ἀσθενείας σου Lk 13:12.
    ③ to permit or cause someone to leave a particular location let go, send away, dismiss (X., Hell. 6, 5, 21; UPZ 62, 18 [161 B.C.]; Tob 10:12 S; 1 Macc 11:38; 2 Macc 14:23; Jos., Ant. 5, 97) of a crowd (Jos., Ant. 11, 337 ἀ. τὸ πλῆθος) Mt 14:15, 22; 15:32, 39; Mk 6:36, 45; 8:9 al.; ἀ. τὴν ἐκκλησίαν dismiss the assembly Ac 19:40. Also of individuals (Ps 33 ins; ParJer 3:22) Mt 15:23; Lk 8:38; 14:4; GJs 21:2 (not pap); Lk 22:68 v.l. Perh. GJs 16:3 (s. 1 above). W. the goal indicated (Jos., Vi. 271 εἰς) εἰς οἶκον (send them away) to their homes Mk 8:3. εἰς τὰ τείχη let (them) go into the building Hs 8, 2, 5; cp. 8, 2, 1. πρὸς … τὸν ἄνδρα αὔτῆς AcPl Ha 4, 5. Pass. be dismissed, take leave, depart (Philo, In Flacc. 96; Jos., Ant. 5, 99) Ac 4:23; 15:30, 33, also Hb 13:23, unless the ref. is to a release fr. imprisonment (s. 1 above) or simply mng. 6 (s. WWrede, D. Literar. Rätsel d. Hb. 1906, 57ff).—Euphem. for let die (Ps.-Plut., Consol. ad Apoll. 13 p. 108c ἕως ἂν ὁ θεὸς ἀπολύσῃ ἡμᾶς; M. Ant. 12, 36, 2 and 5; a veteran’s gravestone [Sb 2477] Ἡλιόδωρε ἐντείμως ἀπολελυμένε, εὐψύχει; Gen 15:2; Num 20:29; Tob 3:6; 2 Macc 7:9) νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου Lk 2:29 (some interpret this as modal now mayest thou … JKleist, Mk. ’36, 147–50 and AFridrichsen, ConNeot 7, ’42, 5f; s. also Goodsp., Probs. 77–79). Perh. discharge fr. Simeon’s long vigil (vs. 26); cp. POxy 2760, 2f (179/80 A.D.), of a cavalryman’s discharge (on the desire for departure cp. TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 5f [Stone p. 22]). Mt 15:23 is semantically dense: as the context indicates, the riddance is to be expedited by granting the woman’s request (s. 4).
    ④ to grant a request and so be rid of a pers., satisfy Mt 15:23 (cp. 3).
    ⑤ to dissolve a marriage relationship, to divorce τὴν γυναῖκα one’s wife, or betrothed (1 Esdr 9:36; cp. Dt 24:1ff; the expr. ἀ. τ. γυν. Dionys. Hal. 2, 25, 7) Mt 1:19; 5:31f (Just., A I, 15, 3); 19:3, 7–9 (BWitherington, Matthew 5:32 and 19:9—Exception or Exceptional Situation?: NTS 31, ’85, 571–76); Mk 10:2, 4, 11 (GDelling, NovT 1, ’56, 263–74); Lk 16:18; Hm 4, 1, 6; ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ GJs 14:1. Of the woman ἀ. τὸν ἄνδρα divorce her husband (Diod S 12, 18, 1) Mk 10:12. This is in accord not w. Jewish (Jos., Ant. 15, 259), but w. Gr-Rom. custom (D has simply ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρός; on Roman custom relating to women s. MMcDonnell, American Journal of Ancient History 8, ’83, 54–80). See on divorce TEngert, Ehe-u. Familienrecht d. Hebräer 1905; AOtt, D. Auslegung d. ntl. Texte über d. Ehescheidung 1910; HNordin, D. ehel. Ethik d. Juden z. Zt. Jesu 1911; AEberharter, D. Ehe-u. Familienrecht d. Hebräer 1914; LBlau, D. jüd. Ehescheidung u. d. jüd. Scheidebrief 1911/12; RCharles, The Teaching of the NT on Divorce 1921; Billerb. I 303–21 al.; SJohnson, Jesus’ Teaching on Divorce ’45; FCirlot, Christ and Divorce ’45; JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70; HCronzel, 363–88, L’Église primitive face au divorce, ’71; JFitzmyer, The Matthean Divorce Texts and Some New Palestinian Evidence: TS 37, ’76, 197–226; BVawter, CBQ 39, ’77, 528–42.
    ⑥ mid. to make a departure from a locality, go away (Thu., Polyb.; PHal 1, 174 [III B.C.]; Ex 33:11; EpArist 304; Anz 285. ἀπολυόμενος τὰς διαβολάς ‘refuting the calumnies’ Ath. 2, 3) Ac 28:25; perh. Hb 13:23.—B. 768. EDNT. DELG s.v. λύω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπολύω

  • 17 ἐξέρχομαι

    ἐξέρχομαι fut. ἐξελεύσομαι (this fut. form M. Ant. 10, 36); 2 aor. ἐξῆλθον (but ἐξῆλθα [as e.g. 2 Km 11:23] J 21:3 D; Ac 16:40; 2 Cor 6:17 [Is 52:11]; 1J 2:19; 3J 7 v.l.; Rv 18:4.—For ἐξήλθοσαν s. Josh 8:19; 1 Ch 2, 53; Jdth 10:6; Mk 8:11 D, cp. schol. on Lycophron vs. 252 ἤλθοσαν); pf. ἐξελήλυθα (s. ἔρχομαι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr.; Jos., Bell. 2, 480; Just.; Ar. [JTS 25, 1924, 76 ln. 41]).
    ⓐ of animate entities go out, come out, go away, retire
    α. of humans
    א. freq. w. indication of the place from which, with or without mention of destination ἔκ τινος (Hdt. 8, 75, 1; 9, 12) ἐκ τ. μνημείων Mt 8:28; 27:53. ἐκ γῆς Χαλδαίων Ac 7:4; cp. Mk 7:31; J 4:30 (ἐκ τ. πόλεως as X., Hell. 6, 5, 16); Ac 22:18; Hb 3:16; 1 Cl 10:2. ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου get out Mk 5:2; cp. Rv 14:15, 17f. ἐκ τοῦ σταδίου AcPl Ha 5, 14 (Just., A I, 45, 5 ἀπὸ Ἰ.).—ἀπό τινος (Ps.-Heraclitus, Ep. 5, 3 [=Malherbe p. 196]; Aesop, Fab. 141 P. [248b H.; 202 Ch.; 146a H-H.]; POxy 472, 1; 528, 7; LXX; JosAs 23:16 ἀπʼ αὐτου; Jos., Ant. 12, 407 ἀ. τ. Ἱερος.; Just., A I, 60, 2 ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου, D. 91, 3 al.) ἀπὸ Βηθανίας Mk 11:12; cp. Lk 17:29; Phil 4:15. ἀπὸ τ. πόλεως Lk 9:5; cp. Mt 24:1; Ac 16:40. ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ leave me Lk 5:8; ἐξ. ἀπὸ τ. ἀνδρός leave her husband Mk 10:12 D.—ἔξω τινός Mt 10:14 (cp. Jdth 14:2); foll. by εἰς w. acc. of place Mt 21:17; Mk 14:68; foll. by παρά w. acc. of place Ac 16:13; foll. by πρός w. acc. of pers. Hb 13:13.—W. εἰς alone ἐξελεύσονται εἰς τὸ σκότος they will have to go out into the darkness Mt 8:12 v.l.—W. gen. alone (Hom. et al.; Longus 4, 23, 2; POxy 942, 4) τ. οἱκίας Mt 13:1 (vv.ll. ἐκ and ἀπό).—ἐκεῖθεν 15:21; Mk 6:1, 10; Lk 9:4; 11:53; J 4:43. οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς ἐκεῖθεν you will never be released from there Mt 5:26; Lk 12:59; D 1:5. ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον Mt 12:44; Lk 11:24b.—εἰσέρχεσθαι καὶ ἐ. J 10:9; Ac 1:21.—Cp. Ac 15:24.
    ב. Somet. the place fr. which is not expressly named, but can be supplied fr. the context go away fr. region or house, get out (of), disembark (fr.) a ship, etc. Mt 9:31f; 12:14; 14:14; 18:28; Mk 1:35, 45; Lk 4:42; 5:27; J 8:9; 11:31, 44; 13:30f; 18:1, 4; Ac 12:9f, 17; 16:3 (go out); Hb 11:8; D 11:6; AcPl Ha 3, 26; 7, 36; AcPl Ant 13, 2 (=Aa I 236, 6). ἐ. ἔξω (cp. Gen 39:12ff) Mt 26:75; Lk 22:62; J 19:4f; Rv 3:12. Sim. to leave a place and make an appearance at another: appear (Aristoph., Av. 512, Ach. 240) ἐξῆλθον οἱ Φ. the Pharisees appeared Mk 8:11 (so LKoehler, TZ 3, ’47, 471; also KSchmidt and ADebrunner, ibid. 471–73).
    ג. indication of goal (get up and) go out, get ready of a servant, to fulfill a mission (Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 89, 36) οἱ ἄγγελοι Mt 13:49. Freq. w. εἴς τι (X., Hell. 7, 4, 24 al.) εἰς τὰς ὁδούς into the streets Mt 22:10. εἰς τὸν πυλῶνα 26:71; cp. Mk 14:68. εἰς τὴν ἔρημον Mt 11:7. εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν to the Mount of Olives 26:30; Mk 14:26. εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν J 1:43. εἰς Μακεδονίαν Ac 16:10; 2 Cor 2:13. εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον κρανίου τόπον J 19:17. εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1J 4:1; 2J 7 (Just., A I, 39, 3; cp. D 53, 3 εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην). εἰς ὑπάντησίν τινι to meet someone (Jdth 2:6 v.l. w. gen.; cp. ἐ. εἰς ἀπάντησίν τινι 1 Esdr 1:23; 1 Macc 12:41; TestJob 9:7; or εἰς συνάντησίν τινι Tob 11:16 BA; Jdth 2:6; 1 Macc 3:11, 16; 10:2, 86; JosAs 5:3 [cod. B]; 25:8) Mt 8:34; J 12:13; also εἰς ὑπάντησίν τινος (cp. εἰς ἀπάντησίν τινος 2 Ch 19:2; Tob 11:16 S; 1 Macc 12:41 v.l. [ed. WKappler ’36]; εἰς συνάντησίν τινος 3:11 v.l. [ed. Kappler]) Mt 25:1 (EPeterson, ZST 7, 1930, 682–702); also ἀπάντησιν αὐτου 25:6; cp. Ac 28:15 v.l. πρός τινα (cp. 1 Macc 9:29; Tob 11:10 BA) to someone J 18:29, 38; 2 Cor 8:17. ἐπί τινα go out against someone (PTebt 283, 9 [I B.C.] ἐξελήλυθεν ἐπὶ τ. μητέρα μου; Jdth 2:7) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48. ἐπί τ. γῆν step out on the land Lk 8:27.
    ד. w. purpose expressed by the inf. Mt 11:8; 20:1; Mk 3:21; 4:3; Lk 7:25f; 8:35; Ac 20:1; Rv 20:8; GJs 11:1; 18:1; w. gen. of the inf. τοῦ σπείρειν to sow Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5; by the ptc. Rv 6:2; 1 Cl 42:3; w. ἵνα Rv 6:2.
    β. of transcendent beings
    א. in Johannine usage of Jesus, who comes forth from the Father: ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον J 8:42. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὑπάγει 13:3. παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον 16:27; cp. 17:8 (for ἐξ. παρά τινος cp. Num 16:35). ἐξῆλθον παρὰ (v.l. ἐκ) τοῦ πατρός 16:28. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθες vs. 30.
    ב. of spirits that come or go out of persons (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 56 οὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸ δαιμόνιον τῆς γυναικὸς ἐξελθεῖν; PGM 4, 1243f ἔξελθε, δαῖμον, … καὶ ἀπόστηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ δεῖνα) ἔκ τινος Mk 1:25f; 5:8; 7:29; 9:25; Lk 4:35 twice as v.l.; ἀπό τινος (cp. En 22:7 τὸ πνεῦμα … τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἀπὸ Ἄβελ) Mt 12:43; 17:18; Lk 4:35 twice, 41; 8:29, 33, 35, 38; 11:24; Ac 16:18. Abs. Mk 5:13; 7:30; 9:26, 29; Lk 4:36; Ac 8:7 (text prob. damaged or perh. anacoluthon).
    γ. an animal: a snake come out Ac 28:3.
    ⓑ of inanimate entities go out.
    α. of liquid come out, flow out (Judg 15:19; ViIs, ViEzk, ViHab, ViJer, et al. 3 [p. 69, 7 Sch.]) J 19:34; Rv 14:20; AcPl Ha 11, 2 (s. γάλα a).
    β. of noise, a message, etc.: a voice rings out Rv 16:17; 19:5 (SyrBar 13:1). The sound of proclamation goes out (cp. Mi 4:2) Ro 10:18 (Ps 18:5); also rumors and reports Mt 9:26; Lk 4:14; 7:17; Mk 1:28; J 21:23; ἡ πίστις τινός the news of someone’s faith 1 Th 1:8; cp. B 11:8; 19:4. A decree goes out (Da 2:13 Theod.) Lk 2:1. ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τ. θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν; did the word of God (Christian proclamation) originate fr. you? 1 Cor 14:36.
    γ. with the source or place of origin given, of lightning ἐ. ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν goes out fr. the east Mt 24:27. Of words ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ στόματος ἐ. εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα fr. the same mouth come blessing and cursing Js 3:10. ἐκ τῆς καρδίας ἐ. διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί evil thoughts come Mt 15:19; cp. vs. 18. Of a sword ἐ. ἐκ τ. στόματος came out of the mouth Rv 19:21.
    δ. of time or a condition be gone, disappear (Hippocr. of diseases; X., An. 7, 5, 4 of time; Gen 47:18) ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἐλπὶς τ. ἐργασίας αὐτῶν their hope of gain was gone Ac 16:19; cp. Mk 5:30.
    ② to depart in death, die ἐ. ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου leave the world as a euphemism for die (so as a Jewish expr. אֲזַל מִן עָלְמָא Targ. Koh. 1:8; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 8: Stone p. 4 [τὸν κόσμον B 4 p. 109, 6: Stone p. 66]; ParJer 4:10; s. Dalman, Worte 141. S. also HKoch, ZNW 21, 1922, 137f.—The Greeks say ἐξέρχ. τοῦ σώματος: Iambl., Myst. in Stob. 1, 49, 67 p. 457, 9; Sallust. 19, 2 p. 34, 20; also TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 7 [Stone p. 72] and ParJer 6:20 ἐκ τοῦ σώματος; or τοῦ βίου: Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 2, 14; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4 [Stone p. 58]; abs. Ar. [Milne, 76, 41]) 1 Cor 5:10; 2 Cl 5:1; 8:3; AcPl Ha 6, 32. Also ἀπὸ τ. κ. ApcPt 2:5.
    ③ to come fr. by way of ancestry, go out, proceed ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος τινός fr. someone’s loins = be descended fr. him (Gen 35:11; 2 Ch 6:9) Hb 7:5. W. gen. of source Mt 2:6 (Mi 5:1).
    ④ to discontinue an association, depart ἐξέλθατε ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν come away from among them 2 Cor 6:17 (Is 52:11). Leave a congregation 1J 2:19.
    ⑤ to get away fr. or out of a difficult situation, escape, ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τ. χειρὸς αὐτῶν he escaped fr. them J 10:39.—M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐξέρχομαι

  • 18 ὑπακούω

    ὑπακούω impf. ὑπήκουον; fut. ὑπακούσομαι; 1 aor. ὑπήκουσα (s. ὑπακοή; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 6:4 P; TestJob 4:8; Test12Patr; EpArist 44; Philo; Joseph., Ath. 15, 2) ‘listen to’.
    ① to follow instructions, obey, follow, be subject to w. gen. of pers. (Hdt. 3, 101 al.; so predom. in pap and LXX; TestGad 8:3) B 9:1 (Ps 17:45 v.l.; the text has μοι). W. dat. of pers. (Thu., Aristoph. et al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 156; Jos., Ant. 13, 275; TestJud 1:4; 18:6 θεῷ; Ath. 15:2 αὐτῷ [God]; Iren. 3, 21, 2 [Harv. II 113, 2]; in pap and LXX the dat. is less freq. than the gen. B-D-F §173, 3; 187, 6; s. Rob. 507; 634): parents Eph 6:1; Col 3:20; masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22; cp. Ro 6:16; husband (cp. Philemon Com. 132 K. ἀγαθῆς γυναικός ἐστιν μὴ κρείττονʼ εἶναι τἀνδρός, ἀλλʼ ὑπήκοον; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 201) 1 Pt 3:6; the ἐπίσκοπος IEph 20:2, cp. IMg 3:2 v.l. Funk (Sb 7835, 10 [I B.C.] in the charter of the cult-brotherhood of Zeus Hypsistos: ὑπακούειν πάντας τοῦ ἡγουμένου); Christ Hb 5:9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 86 K.=26 p. 527 D.: τῷ θεῷ; EKamlah, Die Form der katalogischen Paränese im NT, ’64 [moral exhortation]). The pers. is supplied fr. the context (cp. PTebt 24, 26; TestJob 4:8; EpArist 44; 2 Ch 24:19 v.l.) Phil 2:12; 1 Cl 7:6; 57:4 (Pr 1:24). ὑπακούσωμεν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 58:1 marks the transition to the next usage (w. things).—‘To be in compliance’ (Aesop, Fab. 179 H.), w. dat. of the thing to which one is obedient or which one embraces in full surrender (cp. Athen. 6, 247d ὑπ. δείπνῳ=accept the invitation Theoph. Ant. 2, 25 [p. 162, 4] τῇ πατρικῇ ἐντολῇ) ὑπακούειν τῇ πίστει Ac 6:7; τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ Ro 10:16; 2 Th 1:8; τῷ λόγῳ ἡμῶν 2 Th 3:14; τῇ βουλήσει αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ θεοῦ) 1 Cl 9:1; 42:4 (Lat. tr.); τοῖς προστάγμασιν 2 Cl 19:3 (Aeschines 1, 49 and SIG 785, 18 τ. νόμοις; Demosth. 18, 204; Jos., Ant. 3, 207 τ. λεγομένοις; 5, 198); ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ θνητοῦ σώματος ὑμῶν) Ro 6:12. ὑπηκούσατε εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς vs. 17 (παραδίδωμι 1b, end).—MWolter, Ethos u. Identität in Paulinischen Gemeinden: NTS 43, ’97, 439 n. 32 (lit. and pseudepigr. reff.).—Foll. by the inf. which shows what the obedience results in (Gen 39:10) Ἀβραὰμ ὑπήκουσεν ἐξελθεῖν Abr. went out obediently Hb 11:8.—Also of the enforced obedience of hostile spirits or powers ὐπακούουσιν αὐτῷ they are forced to obey him Mk 1:27; of the elements Mt 8:27 (OBetz, ZNW 48, ’57, 49–77, esp. 70–72); Mk 4:41; Lk 8:25; of a tree that must yield to a higher power 17:6 (cp. Hippocr., Epid. 3, 8; Galen VI 354 K., who speak of diseases that ὑπ.=‘must yield’ to a remedy [dative]).
    ② to grant one’s request, hear (of God Diod S 4, 34, 5 τοὺς ἀθανάτους ὑπακούσαντας; Vi. Aesopi I G 5 P. of Isis; Is 65:24; Jos., Ant. 14, 24.—X., Cyr. 8, 1, 18 of a judge who hears a plaintiff) 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:1).
    ③ to answer a knock at the door, technically of the door-keeper, whose duty it is to listen for the signals of those who wish to enter, and to admit them if they are entitled to do so: open or answer (the door) (Pla., Phd. 59e ὁ θυρωρός, ὅσπερ εἰώθει ὑπακούειν, Crito 43a; X., Symp. 1, 11; Theophr., Char. 4, 9; 28, 3; Lucian, Icar. 22 et al.) προσῆλθεν παιδίσκη ὑπακοῦσαι Ac 12:13.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑπακούω

  • 19 ἅπτω

    ἅπτω, [tense] fut. ἅψω: [tense] aor. ἧψα:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἧμμαι, [dialect] Ion.
    A

    ἅμμαι Hdt.1.86

    : [tense] fut.

    ἅψομαι Od.9.379

    , ἁφθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) Gal.3.311:—[voice] Med., v.infr. (cf. ἑάφθη):— fasten or bind to, used by Hom., once in [voice] Act., ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Od.21.408; once in [voice] Med., ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), 11.278; so later

    ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳ E.Hipp. 770

    ;

    ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι A.R.1.1065

    :—[voice] Act.,

    βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς E.Or. 1036

    ; but

    βρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην Id.Hel. 136

    , cf. AP7.493 (Antip. Thess.).
    2 join,

    ἅ. χορόν A.Eu. 307

    ; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Id.Ch. 868: —[voice] Pass.,

    ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν Arist.Pol. 1280b14

    .
    II more freq. in [voice] Med., ἅπτομαι, [tense] fut. ἅψομαι, [tense] aor.

    ἡψάμην E.Supp. 317

    , with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

    ἧμμαι S.Tr. 1010

    (lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 260e:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.gen.,

    ἅψασθαι γούνων Il.1.512

    ;

    χειρῶν 10.377

    ;

    ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν Od.19.473

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν Il.2.152

    ;

    βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; Od.10.379

    , cf. 4.60;

    ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς.. ἅπτηται κατόπισθε.. ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε Il.8.339

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐπεόντος ἐπὶ τῶν δενδρέων καρποῦ Hdt.2.32

    ;

    τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι Id.4.172

    ; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Lat. manus inicere alicui, Id.3.137;

    οὔτ' ἔθιγεν οὔθ' ἥψαθ' ἡμῶν E.Ba. 617

    ; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Arr.Epict.3.22.73: metaph., take hold of, cleave to, Pl.Lg. 967c.
    c

    ἅ. τῆς γῆς

     land,

    D.S.4.48

    .
    III metaph., engage in, undertake,

    βουλευμάτων S.Ant. 179

    ;

    ἀγῶνος E. Supp. 317

    ; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Th.5.61;

    ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος D.21.155

    ;

    ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων Pl.Phd. 108b

    , cf. E.IT 381;

    τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων Plb.7.13.6

    ; so

    ἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας Pl.R. 411c

    ; ἐπιτηδεύματος ib. 497e;

    γεωμετρίας Id.Plt. 266a

    ;

    τῆς θαλάττης Plb.1.24.7

    ;

    ἅπτεσθαι λόγου E.Andr. 662

    , Pl.Euthd. 283a (but ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου attack, impugn the argument of another, Id.Phd. 86d); τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Th.1.97;

    ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.GC 320b34

    ; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Pl.Lg. 694c, Arist.EE 1227a1.
    b abs., begin, set to work,

    ταῖς διανοίαις Ar.Ec. 581

    .
    2 fasten upon, attack, Pi.N.8.22, A.Ag. 1608, etc.;

    μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ Ar.Lys. 365

    ;

    τῆς οὐραγίας Plb.2.34.12

    ; esp. with words, Hdt.5.92.γ; of diseases,

    ἧπταί μου S.Tr. 1010

    , cf. Gal.15.702;

    ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων Th.2.48

    ; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, ib.50.
    b lay hands on,

    χρημάτων Pl.Lg. 913a

    ;

    τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Id.R. 360b

    , etc.
    3 touch, affect,

    ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦ A.Fr. 255

    , cf. S.OC 955;

    ἅπτει μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. Ion 535a

    ;

    τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός E.Rh. 916

    ;

    ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν Ar.Eq. 1237

    ; make an impression upon,

    ἡμῶν OGI315.56

     (Pessinus, ii B. C.).
    4 grasp with the senses, perceive, S.OC 1550, Pl.Phd. 99e; apprehend,

    τῆς αἰτίας Arist.Resp. 472a3

    .
    5 have intercourse with a woman, Pl.Lg. 84ca, Arist.Pol. 1335b40, 1 Ep.Cor. 7.1;

    εὐνῆς E.Ph. 946

    .
    6 come up to, reach, overtake, X.HG5.4.43; attain,

    τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Phd. 65b

    ;

    τοῦ τέλους Id.Smp. 211b

    : in Pi., c. dat.,

    ἀγλαΐαις P.10.28

    ;

    στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις Id.I.4(3).12

    ; but also c. gen.,

    Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν Id.O.3.44

    .
    7 make use of, avail oneself of,

    τῆς τύχης E.IA56

    .
    8 Geom., of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Arist.Ph. 231a22, cf. Metaph. 1002a34, al., S.E.M.3.35; of lines or curves, meet, Euc.3Def.2; touch, Id.4Def.5, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.28; pass through a point, Euc.4Defs.2,6; of points, lie on a line or curve, ib.Defs.1,3; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Id. ap. Papp.656.6,al.
    B [voice] Act., kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Hdt.8.52, etc. (so in [voice] Med., Call.Dian. 116);

    ἐρείκης θωμὸν ἅψαντες πυρί A.Ag. 295

    : metaph.,

    πυρσὸν ὕμνων Pi.I.4(3).43

    :—[voice] Pass., to be set on fire,

    ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαι Od.9.379

    ; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Hdt.1.19; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης ib.86;

    ἧπται πυρί E.Hel. 107

    .
    II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, ib. 503:—[voice] Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Th.4.100;

    δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην Ar.Nu. 1490

    , cf. Pl. 301.
    III cook, Alex.124.1.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἅπτω

  • 20 ἄγρα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `hunting, prey' (Od.)
    Compounds: Instruments: πυράγρα `fire-tongs' (Il.), κρεάγρα `meat-tongs' (Ar.); ὀδοντάγρα `tooth-tongs'; diseases: ποδάγρα `podagra'; in - άγρετος: αὑτάγρετος `self-chosen' (Od.). The interpretation of these words is debated. βοάγρια, ἀνδράγριον `what was taken from a cow (= shield)', from a man, spoils of a slain enemy'.
    Derivatives: ἀγρεύς `hunter' (Pi.); on the meaning of ἀγρέτης see Redard Les noms grecs en -της 236 A. 58; - ἀγρώσσω `catch' (Od.), cf. Schwyzer 733 ζ. ἀγρέω `take, seize' (Il.; only ipv. ἄγρει, - τε; but see Wackernagel Unt. 166f.), Aeol. ipv. κατάγρεντον.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The relation between ἄγρα and ἀγρέω is unclear. Against ἀγρέω as denominative from ἄγρα Schwyzer 727 A.1. McKenzie, Cl. Quarterly 15, 46f and 125, wants to separate the two words. DELG is inclined to accept this (I see no reason why then ἄγρα would have to be connected with ἄγω). It is said that ἀγρέω and αἱρέω influenced each other, but where? - Connection with the Indo-Iranian words is now rejected (see Frisk, DELG). From Celtic are compared W. aer `battle' (\< *agrā), Ir. ár n. `defeat' (\< * agrom), Gaul. peoples name Veragri. - Fur. (s. index) thinks ἀγρέω is a substr. word, because of the prenasalized forms (Thess. αγγρε-), because of the form with αι for α ( Έξαίγρετος on coins from Asia Minor, Vendryes, Mél. Boisacq 2, 331-334; this form I find hardly reliable), because of the variant ἐγρέω, and because of the metathesized form αργειτε. Non-IE origin is for both words quite possible.
    See also: ζωγρέω
    Page in Frisk: 1,15-16

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγρα

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